Of course the specific mortise and tenon size will vary by application michael.

Timber frame mortise and tenon dimensions. You can see just how green and stringy the white oak really is as the chisel cuts in the angle. Results from the all oak connections peavy and schmidt 1996 are presented as design recommendations in this report see table 6 1. Step 1 measure mark the tenon. Sharp chisels are crucial on any job but particularly so with the dense hardwoods.

Start by measuring and marking a line all the way around the beam for how long you want the tenon to be. The cross sections of the members ranged in size from 5 5 x5 5 to 7 9 x7 9 140mm x 140mm to 200mm x 200mm. The general rule is that the minimum tenon length is five times its thickness. This will become the shoulder where the tenon starts.

But the essential joint for all timber framing projects is the mortise and tenon joint. To join parts of equal thickness cut both the mortises and tenons one third the part thickness. So a 1 4 thick tenon should be 1 1 4 long. The oak pegs ranged in diameter from 0 9 to 1 6 24mm to 40mm.

Of course if you look at antique furniture you see this rule violated or maybe the furniture was made before they made the rule. Though it s not structurally necessary cutting a shoulder adjacent to the rail s edge as well as the face allows you to completely hide the mortise. The standard depth for a mortise is 3 and the standard width for a tenon is 2. Either both parts are the same thickness a 3 4 rail mating a 3 4 stile for example or the tenon fits into a mortised part of greater thickness such as a 3 4 thick table apron against a 1 1 2 square leg.

There are a lot of fancy timber frame joints. Next get a good measurement of both the height and width dimension on the end of the beam where you want the tenon to be. But as a general guideline make the tenon about 1 3 the total thickness of the tenoned workpiece and about 1 2 2 3 as long as the width of the mortised workpiece.

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